Male Infertility
- Male infertility is real and it is more common than you might think.
- In about 30% to 40% of cases where couples have trouble conceiving, the problem lies with the man – the quality or quantity of sperm.
- A male factor is solely responsible in approximately 20 % of infertile couples.
- At a minimum , the initial screening evaluation of the male partner of infertile couple should include atleast one semen analysis.

Evaluation of Male Infertility
Semen analysis is the most important and minimum initial screening test for male infertility. SA will record the most important factors below on the basis of WHO 2010 criteria and determine whether an ejaculation sample is normal or abnormal.
- Sperm count- minimum 15 million/ ml is normal.If it is below that, chances of conception is significantly reduced.
- Motility- Total motility should be minimum 40 % , progressive motility should be minimum 32 %.
- Morphology- minimum 4 %
Spectrum of Male Infertility
- Abnormal semen parameter.( Low count/low motility/low morphology )
- Obstruction lead to azoospermia.
- Absent sperm production
- Varicocoele.
- Sexual problems
- Immunological causes
- Endocrine and other causes

Tips for Improving Sperm Health
- Stop smoking. In men who smoke, all parameters of sperm quality are reduced.
- Reduce obesity. In men a BMI < 20 or >25 kg/m2 is associated with reduced sperm quality.
- Avoid alcohol
- Warm temperatures might affect the testis ability to make sperm. Avoid prolonged steaming, hot water swimming pool bath or hot water shower for long time and putting a laptop on your lap.
- Avoid tight underwear. Mostly should use cotton underwear.
- Regular ejaculation helps increase the quality of sperm.
Treatment of Male Infertility
Various treatment modalities are there, depends on the severity of disease. Couple may require IUI , IVF , TESA or medical management.